1	Pulmonology Test Review
2	Question What percentage of EMS calls are respiratory in nature?
3	Answer 25 to 28%
4	Question What type of risk factor is smoking and environmental pollutants?
5	Answer Extrinsic Risk Factor – those that are external to the patient
6	Question Respiration chemoreceptors in the aortic arch respond to changes in what in the blood?
7	Answer pH pCO₂ pO₂
8	Question How is most of the oxygen transported in the bloodstream?
9	Answer Bound to hemoglobin
10	Question How is most of the carbon dioxide transported in the bloodstream?
11	Answer Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate
12	Question What is the functional unit of the lungs?
13	Answer Alveoli
14	Question True or False The medulla initiates inspiration
15	Answer True
16	Question What is the stretch reflex of the lungs which limits over inflation?
17	Answer Herring-Brewer Reflex
18	Question What is the function of the turbinates?
19	Answer Slow the flow of air to allow for warming and humidification.
20	Question What term is used to describe the anatomical location at which the oropharynx and nasopharynx combine?
21	Answer Laryngopharynx
22	Question When is the glottic open the largest?
23	Answer During inspiration
24	Question What is the most common reason of alveolar collapse?
25	Answer Loss of pulmonary (alveolar) surfactant
26	Question How do you calculate minute volume?
27	Answer Minute Volume = Resp. Rate x Tidal Volume
28	Question What will happen to an asthmatics' peak flow in the middle of an attack?
29	Answer It will decrease
30	Question What is the normal pCO₂ and pO₂ in pulmonary blood gasses?
31	Answer pCO2: 35- 45 pO2: 80 - 100
32	Question Increased ICP leads to what respiratory pattern?
33	Answer Ataxic
34	Question What respiratory pattern is typically seen in older patients with terminal illness or brain injuries?
35	Answer Cheyne-Stokes
36	Question What respiratory pattern is typically seen in metabolic acidosis?
37	Answer Kussmaul’s
38	Question What respiratory pattern is typically seen with strokes and brain stem injuries?
39	Answer Central neurogenic hyperventilation
40	Question What is the term used to describe the mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs?
41	Answer Ventilation
42	Question What is the term used to describe to circulation of blood through the capillaries?
43	Answer Perfusion
44	Question What is the term used to describe the exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment?
45	Answer Respiration
46	Question Of the following which are disorders causing a disruption in ventilation or a disruption in perfusion: Pneumothorax Flail chest Hypovolemia Aspiration Anemia Asthma Pulmonary embolism
47	Answer Ventilation disruptions: Pneumothorax Flail chest Aspiration Asthma Perfusion disruptions: Hypovolemia Anemia Pulmonary embolism
48	Question What are mid-clavicular lung sounds referred to?
49	Answer bronchovesicular
50	Question What is the term used to refer to lung sounds auscultated in the mid-axillary line?
51	Answer vesicular
52	Question What is the term used to refer to lung sounds auscultated over the trachea?
53	Answer Bronchial
54	Question What color sputum is expected in patients with lung cancer?
55	Answer Blood tinged
56	Question What color sputum is expected in a patient with pneumonia?
57	Answer Green progressing to Rust red/brown
58	Question What is a ventilatory waveform is often referred to as?
59	Answer Capnography
60	Question What medication is the most useful in treating ARDS?
61	Answer Corticosteroids
62	Question What is Cor Pulmonale?
63	Answer Right sided heart hypertrophy secondary to emphysema.
64	Question What is the best observation to make a differential diagnosis of pneumonia verses lung cancer?
65	Answer Presence of fever in pneumonia
66	Question What adventitious lung sound is often caused by bronchospasms?
67	Answer Wheezes
68	Question Narrowing of the upper airway is most likely to cause which adventitious lung sound?
69	Answer Stridor
70	Question What is the most comfortable position in which you should transport a patient who is short of breath?
71	Answer Fowler’s position
72	Question What is the prefer method to assist a patient’s ventilations?
73	Answer Pocket mask with oxygen
74	Question When should epinephrine 1:1000 be used only as a last resort for breathing difficulties associated with asthma and emphysema?
75	Answer Patient’s over the age of 50
76	Question What is the major risk factor for individuals with a history of steroids use to treat respiratory disease?
77	Answer Signs and symptoms of Cushing’s disease
78	Question What is the difference between asthma and emphysema?
79	Answer Asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction and emphysema is characterized by irreversible airway obstruction
80	Question What is likely to happen to a healthy individual’s respiratory rate if the individual’s pCO2 increased?
81	Answer It will increase
82	Question What will happen to a patient’s pCO2 during an exacerbated emphysema attack?
83	Answer It will increase above 45 torr
84	Question True or False During inspiration the pressure inside the chest is lower than atmospheric pressure.
85	Answer True
86	Question What is the three primary goals in treating COPD emergencies?
87	Answer 1. Correct hypoxia 2. Reverse bronchospasms 3. Reduce inflammation
88	Question How quickly will a patient’s pulse oximetry respond to developing hypoxia?
89	Answer Within minutes
90	Question If pneumonia is left untreated, what could develop?
91	Answer Sepsis